‘Baby Doc’ Duvalier enjoys perks of Haiti freedom

Nearly four months after his return from exile, Haiti’s former president-for-life says he’s home to stay. BY JACQUELINE CHARLES
JCHARLES@MIAMIHERALD.COM
THOMASSIN, Haiti -- They say he came home to die.
But almost four months after his shocking return, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc’’ Duvalier appears to be the epitome of life.
His once gaunt frame has filled out. His round-face, robust. And he is standing tall, moving about like a man with a purpose — not an accused criminal possibly facing prison.
A one-time despot driven from his homeland in disgrace, Duvalier, 59, has been acting like a president who left at the pinnacle of his popularity. He’s holding court at tony restaurants, hobnobbing with powerful players and greeting guests at his borrowed home high in the pleasant hills above the congested capital.
“The phone is ringing all of the time and I’m receiving a lot of visitors,’’ Duvalier told The Miami Herald, describing a typical day in the life of Haiti’s former president-for-life.
But as an aging Duvalier enjoys the perks of his new-found celebrity status in this earthquake-ravaged nation, he is igniting outrage and conflicted emotions. Former prisoners recalling his repressive regime demand justice, while others longing for the days of order insist on reconciliation. A former Haiti justice minister advising the government worries that Duvalier may never have his day in court to answer charges of corruption and crimes against humanity during his 15-year rule that ended in 1986. The judge tasked with investigating the charges has yet to issue his report and the longest imprisoned complainant, Claude Rosier, recently died of a heart attack.
Some find the timing of Duvalier’s return to Haiti peculiar. Last week the Swiss government announced it had begun procedures to return $6.7 million in frozen assets claimed by him to the Haitian government, a move some close to Duvalier said he plans to fight in European courts. And in just days, Haiti will inaugurate a new president with strong ties to supporters of his authoritarian regime.
“I did not send them and they are not there as Duvalieriests,’’ Duvalier said about President-elect Michel Martelly’s supporters who include Daniel Supplice, a childhood friend and former Duvalier minister heading Martelly’s presidential transition teams.
Martelly has suggested amnesty for Duvalier and Jean-Bertrand Aristide, another president recently returned from exile. Victims and human rights observers, who view prosecution of Duvalier as Haiti’s chance to break with impunity, call the suggestion disturbing.
The son of an often brutal dictator, Duvalier shrugs off reactions about his high-profile status and appetite for Haiti’s finest fare: “I’ve always participated in the social life of the country,’’ he said.
For those with tortured memories of the nearly three-decade venal Duvalier dynasty, however, the new reality is difficult to accept.
“People disappeared,’’ said Michele Montas, among scores of Haitian journalists and intellectuals jailed, some severely beaten and exiled by the regime’s boogeymen after their arrest on Nov. 28, 1980 under a 1969 anti-communist law that considered government criticism “crimes against the state.’’
Today, she’s among a growing group of Haitians who have filed formal complaints, accusing Duvalier of failing to prevent or punish crimes under his command, ordering arrests and prolonged detention, and in some cases of being an “accomplice’’ to crimes committed by his subordinates.
“The victims are constantly on the defensive, taunted every time they testify in front of the instructing judge by his (Duvalier’s) very aggressive lawyers, outside of the judge’s chambers, and the stress of seeing Duvalier freely moving about is difficult... for all of us,’’ Montas said.
While Montas has managed to avoid public run-ins with the deposed leader, fellow accuser and cellmate Dr. Nicole Magloire has twice lost her battle. The first run-in was in February during an after midnight visit to a popular Petionville restaurant. She stormed out in disgust, she said, after walking up on a laughing Duvalier listening to jazz while sipping red wine as patrons stopped to shake his hand.
The most recent was at the funeral for her uncle Jean Magloire’s widow. Jean Magloire was a staunch backer and former interior minister of Duvalier’s father, Francois “Papa Doc’’ Duvalier.
Like a number of politically involved middle-class Haitian families, Mangalore’s was divided on the question of Duvalier’s rule.
Duvalier’s re-emergence and her suit, to a degree, has reignited “the animosity between family members.’’
A student activist during Francois Duvalier’s rule in the 1960s, she vowed to stay out of politics when she returned to Haiti from medical school. Then on Nov. 28, 1980, she was arrested.
“You can’t have all of those people who died, who went to jail, and then just sit and say, ‘So what?’” she said. “I’m angry. But I am no longer afraid. I don’t ever want to be afraid again. At least today, we can say what we want and not be afraid again.’’
President René Préval has been credited with ending state-sponsored violence, political repression and silence in the country. He had successfully avoided running into Duvalier until the day of the funeral. Lise was the mother of one of his closest friends and advisers, Robert Magloire.
The first of the two handshakes happened in the middle of the funeral mass when Duvalier walked up to Préval and outstretched his hand in an offering of peace.
“It was not a meeting. We were at a funeral, our paths crossed,’’ Préval told The Herald a day later. “Justice will take care of the rest.’’
The funeral put into clear view Haiti’s troubled political history — and the challenges of Haitian justice. Sitting across from Duvalier was ex-wife Michele Bennett, a frequent visitor to Haiti despite being among the 38 other defendants named in the state’s corruption case against her former husband. Also in the audience was Prosper Avril, another controversial former president who escaped from prison in 2004 amid chaos after Aristide’s flight into exile.
Carves Jean, the judge investigating the case, said Duvalier is under house arrest. Duvalier and his attorney Fritzo Canto say no such thing exists under Haitian law. They punch holes in the government’s 25-year-old legal case, challenging it on procedural grounds and argue the statue of limitations has run out. Duvalier himself laughs at the state’s claims that he and his supporters pillaged the national treasury, and he spirited away $120 million in public money when he fled to France on Feb. 7, 1986.
In an hour-long interview, Duvalier said Haiti cannot have a fresh start without national reconciliation. He questioned the current government’s commitment to helping victims of the devastating earthquake and the role of non-governmental organizations. And he spoke of Foundation Duvalier, an organization he’s forming to prioritize education, health and environment in his mother’s hometown of Leogane.
“We are having meetings to evaluate the social and economic conditions of the country to see how we can help the people,’’ he said.
His heart aches for the peasants, whom he said, have been forgotten and says his failure to sell a schools’ Creole-language program, successfully used by Aristide and Préval, is the only do-over for his otherwise “progressive” government. He takes no responsibility for the weaken institutions and wrecked economy that characterized his last years in office, all of which, critics say, have made Haiti incapable of steering its own post-quake recovery.
“We realized progress in several domains....We were in a real fight,’’ he said.
As for the human rights abuses against him, Duvalier said, he released hundreds from his jails, and those arrested were done so because “they were a risk.’’
“You can’t ask the president to be behind every individual,’’ he said. “When I was made aware of an undisciplined act against someone, I took sanctions.’’
Bernard Diederich, a retired correspondent for Time magazine who has covered Haiti since 1949, isn’t surprised Duvalier and his supporters are revising history.
“Nobody has a memory of what happened including him,’’ said Diederich, who recently published the French-language book — L’Heritier, (The Heir) — about Duvalier. “He had the opportunity to be somebody, but he didn’t have it in him. He’s always been micromanaged by everyone. That is the sad thing. The guy could have done a lot. The people were ready, the people wanted it.’’
Read more: http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/09/v-fullstory/2209133/baby-doc-duvalier-enjoys-perks.html#ixzz1LxYss1Aa
http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/05/09/v-fullstory/2209133/baby-doc-duvalier-enjoys-perks.html

Haïti-Duvalier : Mettre en avant les pages les plus sombres de la dictature

P-au-P, 09 fév. 2011 [AlterPresse] --- Une douzaine d’organisations sociales dont Antèn Ouvrye, Chandèl et le Cercle Gramsci, ont entamé ce mercredi 9 février à la Faculté des Sciences Humaines une série d’activité en vue de rappeler les crimes commis durant le régime des Duvalier, sous le thème « Resistance du peuple haïtien contre la dictature des Duvalier ». Durant 3 jours, à l’aide d’exposition de photos, de documents, de témoignages de victimes et de conférences, ces organisations espèrent mettre en avant les pages les plus sombres de la dictature et raviver la mémoire du peuple.
La série d’activités s’achève vendredi avec une soirée culturelle baptisée : « Nous ne dormirons pas dans l’oubli ».
Jean Claude Duvalier de retour en Haïti depuis le 16 janvier fait l’objet de multiples poursuites, entre autres pour crimes contre l’humanité. Plus d’une dizaines de plaintes ont été déposées contre lui devant la justice haïtienne qui mène une enquête.
S’exprimant au nom des organisations à l’origine de l’initiative, Edner Décime estime que la société haïtienne n’a le choix qu’entre « le jugement de Duvalier » et « la mort ».
« Notre position est claire. Nous n’admettons aucune logique de réconciliation…Si le dictateur doit se réconcilier il devra le faire avec les autres criminels de son acabit enfermés au Pénitencier », déclare-t-il.
Edner Décime dénonce en même temps « la présence dans divers partis politiques d’autres duvaliéristes qui ont du sang sur leurs mains et qui prêchent l’évangile de la transition démocratique ».
Depuis son arrivée à l’aéroport Toussaint Louverture et à chacune de ses apparitions publiques, Jean Claude Duvalier reçoit de fervents supports de la part de ses partisans. Une foule l’a d’ailleurs chaudement accueillie lors d’une visite mardi à Léogâne, ville natale de sa mère.
Ces démonstrations à l’égard du dictateur soulèvent cependant l’indignation de beaucoup et font poser des questions au sujet de la mémoire historique en Haiti.
Edner Décime juge qu’« il y a un déficit de mémoire et c’est parce qu’il n’y a pas eu de transmission ».
« Il faut comprendre qu’il y a une partie de la population qui est frustrée par rapport au mode de gestion du pays durant les 25 dernières années. Le 7 février 86 fut le résultat du soulèvement des masses populaires, mais également un piège, parce qu’on a détourné les revendications des paysans et des masses populaires pour les diriger dans un couloir électoraliste. Résultat nous avons eu du duvaliérisme sans Duvalier », explique t-il, soulignant que beaucoup d’Haïtiens ne comprennent pas leur histoire. [kft gp apr 9/02/2011 11 :00]
http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article10629